Learn Parts of Speech in English

My name is Shakil Ahmed.

I live in Dhaka.

Parts of Speech: বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত প্রত্যেকটি অর্থবোধক শব্দ বা word কে parts of speech বলে।

ইংরেজিতে parts of speech কে তার কাজ অনুযায়ী ৮ ভাগে ভাগ করা হয়।

প্রত্যেক প্রকার Parts of Speech এর সঙ্গাসহ উদাহরণ নিম্নরূপঃ

1. Noun: কোনো ব্যক্তি, বস্তু, স্থান, অথবা যেকোনো কিছুর নামকে Noun বলে। যেমনঃ Rebeka, Rupom, Padma, Dhaka, cat, boy, student, salt, water, school, club, society, girl, kindness, freedom, beauty, truth etc. Note: সাধারণত কোনো শব্দের শেষে er, or, ant, ist, ry, ee, ment, th, ure, age, sion, tion, al, ship, cy, ing, etc. থাকলে তা Noun হয়।

2. Pronoun: Noun এর পরিবর্তে যে word বসে তাকে pronoun বলে। যেমনঃ he, she, it, they, this, that, those, my, mine, ours, your, yours, myself, ourselves, yourself, himself, who, whom, which, where, each, either, each other, one another, any, one, anyone, someone, none etc.

3. Adjective: যে word কোনো noun বা pronoun এর দোষ, গুণ, অবস্থা, সংখ্যা, পরিমাণ, আকৃতি, প্রকৃতি ইত্যাদি প্রকাশ করে তাকে adjective বলে। যেমনঃ good, bad, ill, red, wise, noble, rich, poor, pleasant, comfortable, great, hot, cold, happy, fat, thin, warm, careful, beautiful, charming, one, two, much, many, little etc.

Note: সাধারণত কোনো শব্দের শেষে ly, y, ish, ful, less, ible, able, ed(v3), ese, ive, ic, ous, ical, esque, ary, en, an, ward, etc. তা Adjective হয়। যেমন- friendly, cloudy, dangerous, wooden, active, powerful, useful, comfortable, useless etc.

Note: Adjective সাধারণত noun বা Pronoun সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য প্রদান করে অথবা noun বা pronoun এর অর্থের সঙ্গে অতিরিক্ত কিছু যোগ করে।

4. Verb: কোনো কিছু হওয়া, করা, থাকা, বা আছে অর্থে যেসব word ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে verb বলে। অর্থাৎ, যেসব word দ্বারা কোনো কাজ করা বুঝায় তাকে verb বলে। যেমনঃ read, write, walk, be, see, eat, go, sing, play, do, play, talk, take, cook, run, have, has, had, become, come, drive, discuss, sleep etc.

5. Adverb: যে word কোনো verb, adjective অথবা অন্য কোনো adverb অথবা যেকোনো parts of speech কে বিশেষায়ীত তথা modify করে তাকে Adverb বলে।

যেমনঃ always, very, soon, well, fast, yes, no, never, surely, quickly, slowly, lately, recently, yesterday, today, tomorrow, seldom, before, after, clearly, bravely, fully, quite, rather, so, therefore, hence, frequently, twice, often, again, probably, etc.

Note: সাধারণত adjective এর শেষে (ly) যোগে adverb গঠন করা হয়।

Such as: quick – quickly; slow – slowly; recent – recently; wise – wisely; beautiful – beautifully; smooth – smoothly; careful – carefully; effective – effectively; immediate – immediately; instant – instantly; silent – silently

6. Preposition: যে word কোনো noun বা pronoun এর পূর্বে বসে sentence এর অন্যান্য word এর সাথে উক্ত noun বা pronoun এর সম্পর্ক স্থাপন করে তাকে preposition বলে। যেমনঃ at, in, on, with, by, for, to, of off, up, upon, from, through, over, within, without, against, under, behind, above, in front of, on account of, in spite of etc.

7. Conjunction: যে word দুই বা ততোধিক একই জাতীয় word বা sentence কে যুক্ত করে তাকে conjunction বলে। যেমনঃ and, but, or, yet, also, nor, as well as, both, because, whether, since, as, so, so that, so….that, though, although, not only….but also, either….or, netither….nor etc.

8. Interjection: যেসকল word মনের আকস্মিক সুখ, দুঃখ, ভাব, উচ্ছ্বাস প্রভৃতি প্রকাশ করে তাদেরকে conjunction বলে। যেমনঃ Hurrah!, Alas!, Oh!, Fie!, etc.

Identify the Parts of Speech from the following sentences:

1. Come, that, river, since, oh!, tree, dog, cat, library, class, water, also, regularly

2. Nation, Sundarbans, strong, honest, honesty, qualified, qualification, pencin, play, town, Dhaka, Mount Everest, moon, sun, earth, mars.

3. Doughtful, dutiful, sincerity, protector, doctor, protect, Japan, Japanese, American, Chinese, like, interesting, awesome, kindness, kindly, useless.

4. Brave, courage, large, big, small, hot, cold, wide, tall, actor, actress, smart

5. Kindly, slowly, smoothly, soon, always, yesterday, tomorrow, Sunday, daily, regularly, occasionally, not, often, still, sometimes, never, good, bad, much

6. This pen is yours. 7. That man was unkind. 8. That man will never come back. 9. He is such a man as I wanted. 10. I love myself. 11. The wise man brought some foods for us. 12. My teacher teaches us English very well. 13. I Knew him. 14. My sister cooks dinner for us. 15. Our team won the match yesterday. 16. We made him captain for our team. 17. Jesmin helped me in danger. 18. She is very dangerous woman. 19. Saber is a meritorious student. 20. Sinha likes new toys. 21. Tanha sings sweet songs and we always enjoy them. 22. I have enough money to buy a can. 23. The is a little water in the glass. 24. Though he is poor, he is honest. 25. Sifat was a truthful boy. 26. The girl was very attentive to her study. 27. He is very poor man and he usually does not get sufficient food to eat. 28. He sometimes gets up early in the morning. 29. He trusts me strongly. 30. I believe that you will become a bright student soon.